The Winning of the West, Volume 3

This volume focuses on the post-Revolutionary War period from 1784 to 1790 and describes the significant westward expansion of American settlers into the trans-Alleghany region. Roosevelt explores the dynamic interactions between settlers and indigenous tribes, as well as the geopolitical tensions with European powers, particularly Great Britain and Spain, during this critical formative period in American history. The opening of the book discusses the immediate post-war years, highlighting the vast expanse of the western frontier and its appeal to settlers seeking opportunity. It outlines the influx of pioneers whose ambitions were hindered by persistent conflicts with powerful Native American tribes and imperial interests. The narrative emphasizes the settlers' struggle to claim the land, often characterized by tensions that led to violent confrontations. Roosevelt also touches on the unique socio-political climate, including land speculation, the formation of new state structures, and the challenges in establishing a unified governmental authority in the nascent territories.The Western Frontier. On the western frontier lay vast and fertile vacant spaces; for the Americans had barely passed the threshold of the continent predestined to be the inheritance of their children and children's children. For generations the great feature in the nation's history, next only to the preservation of its national life, was to be its westward growth; and its distinguishing work was to be the settlement of the immense wilderness which stretched across to the Pacific. But before the land could be settled it had to be won. The valley of the Ohio already belonged to the Americans by right of conquest and of armed possession; it was held by rifle-bearing backwoods farmers, hard and tenacious men, who never lightly yielded what once they had grasped. North and south of the valley lay warlike and powerful Indian confederacies, now at last thoroughly alarmed and angered by the white advance; while behind these warrior tribes, urging them to hostility, and furnishing them the weapons and means wherewith to fight, stood the representatives of two great European nations, both bitterly hostile to the new America, and both anxious to help in every way the red savages who strove to stem the tide of settlement.